Recently I have been bombarded with numerous questions regarding the different types of water filtration technology available on the market. Of particular interest is reverse osmosis which is gaining popularity. I have searched for information and the World Health Organization provides the best overall summary regarding demineralized water.
What is demineralized water?
Demineralized water refers to water which are almost or completely free of dissolved minerals. It is the result of distillation, deionization, membrane filtration (reverse osmosis or nanofiltration), electrodialysis or other technologies.
What are the health risks of consuming demineralized water?
Direct effects on intestinal mucous membrane, metabolism, and mineral homeostasis or other body functions
Demineralized water has negative taste characteristics which one could adapt over time. However, demineralized water is less thirst quenching, resulting in potential overconsumption of water. Additionally trial on human volunteers had reported increased diuresis (increased urination), reduced in serum potassium levels, and increased elimination of sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, and magnesium, all of which are essential minerals in human body.
Little or no intake of calcium and magnesium
Demineralized water have very low or no content of calcium and magnesium, both of which are essential for a wide range of function. Epidemiological studies had reported possible association between demineralized water intake and increased mortality and morbidity from heart diseases, increased risk of fracture in children, and an increased risk of neuronal disorders.
Low intake of some essential elements and microelements from low mineral water
Modern diet may not be an adequate source of minerals and microelements, considering society nowadays tend to consume foods which are high in calorie but low in essential nutrients. This might be compensated by the trace amounts of minerals and micoelements found in drinking water. An epidemiological study in Russia had reported possible association between demineralized water consumption and slower physical development in children.
High loss of calcium, magnesium, and other essential elements from in food prepared in low mineral water
Preparation of food in demineralized water may result in substantial loss of essential elements from the food.
Possible increase in dietary intake of toxic metals
Demineralized water are very unstable and are very aggressive to materials which it comes into contact. Demineralized water readily dissolves metals and some organic substances from pipes, coatings, storage tanks, and containers.
Possible bacterial contamination
Demineralized water contains very low amount of residual chemical disinfectant, such as chlorine. Chlorine is important in killing of microorganisms and preventing their growth in drinking water.
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